作者：Ao Zhang † , Bin Tan † , Jiahui Wang and Shuqin Zhang *

刊物名称：Vaccines

发表年月：2025.13.783

摘要内容：Swine influenza A virus (swIAV), a prevalent respiratory pathogen in porcine populations, poses substantial economic losses to global livestock industries and represents a potential threat to public health security. Neuraminidase (NA) has been proposed as an important component for universal inffuenza vaccine development. NA has potential advantages as a vaccine antigen in providing cross-protection, with speciffc antibodies that have a broad binding capacity for heterologous viruses. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efffcacy of a tetrameric recombinant NA subunit vaccine in a swine model. Methods: We constructed and expressed structurally stable soluble tetrameric recombinant NA (rNA) and prepared subunit vaccines by mixing with ISA 201 VG adjuvant. The protective efffcacy of rNA-ISA 201 VG was compared to that of a commercial whole inactivated virus vaccine. Pigs received a primeboost immunization (14-day interval) followed by homologous viral challenge 14 days post-boost. Results: Both rNA-ISA 201 VG and commercial vaccine stimulated robust humoral responses. Notably, the commercial vaccine group exhibited high viral-binding antibody titers but very weak NA-speciffc antibodies, whereas rNA-ISA 201 VG immunization elicited high NA-speciffc antibody titers alongside substantial viral-binding antibodies. Post-challenge, both immunization with rNA-ISA 201 VG and the commercial vaccine were effective in inhibiting viral replication, reducing viral load in porcine respiratory tissues, and effectively mitigating virus-induced histopathological damage, as compared to the PBS negative control. Conclusions: These ffndings found that the anti-NA immune response generated by rNA-ISA 201 VG vaccination provided protection comparable to that of a commercial inactivated vaccine that primarily induces an anti-HA response. Given that the data are derived from one pig per group, there is a requisite to increase the sample size for more in-depth validation. This work establishes a novel strategy for developing next-generation SIV subunit vaccines leveraging NA as a key immunogen.

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原文链接：https://doi.org/10.3389/vaccines13080783